Love electra donates thousands of products

San Antonio, TX, April 9, 2008 Love Electra will be donating thousands of its inspiring t-shirt products to the national media advocacy and anti-defamation organization the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) for the commemoration of its 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards, an extended event that will be celebrated in four cities across the country. The GLAAD Media Awards recognizes and honors media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community and the issues that affect their lives. The gala affair, which kicked off in New York City with a reception and dinner featuring some of America’s most talented and renowned entertainers and media personalities, continues through May 10th with events in South Florida, Los Angeles and San Francisco. The GLAAD Media Awards message of inclusion and acceptance is precisely the one that Love Electra propagates daily with its commitment to love and positivity. Love Electra, a company that specializes in the conception, design and manufacture of t-shirts that spread positive messages of love, has recognized the constructive influence that GLAAD has had on the media’s treatment of the once marginalized LGBT community. Electra performs this gesture as a means of emphasizing its whole-hearted endorsement of the GLAAD Media Awards. Through the dissemination of products containing memorable pro-love slogans at this event, it recognizes the common goal that exists between the two organizations in their harmonious desire to spread the anti-hate message. â€Å"We appreciate Love Electra’s generous and heartfelt support of the 19th Annual GLAAD Media and our critical ongoing work in media advocacy, fighting defamation and changing hearts and minds,† said Diana Rodriquez, director of special events & sponsorship for GLAAD. The dilemma faced by members of the LGBT, as well as other communities, has always inspired many of the creative products that bear Love Electra’s designs. The messages spread by its founder and designers via their t-shirts are of particular interest to the members of the LGBT community, as one of Electra’s aims is to discourage the unfair treatment of individuals on account of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Rather, love, inspiration, and acceptance are the mission of the company, and with every t-shirt worn by the public the message is spread further. Through its efforts, Love Electra seeks to empower the LGBT community to become what they in fact already are—this and future generations of creative, inspiring, and talented role models. The company uses love-inspired quotes to stir the radiation of love from the center of persons who wear the products toward all those with whom they come in contact. The artistry that mixes beautiful colors with powerful designs is therefore also infused with positivity and inspiration. Love Electra uses the psychology of color to imbue its products with energy and appeals to such groups as New Age religious organizations who take pride in their work toward furthering the cause of harmony. The company also appeals to all social, political and environmental groups concerned with the furtherance of justice, equality, and fairness for all who share the planet. Love Electra caters to men, women, and children with t-shirts of all designs and styles. They come decorated with rhinestones and rhinestuds or just plain silkscreen graphics for those who want to keep it simple. To obtain your love, New Age, ecology, environmental or other types of inspiring t-shirts from Love Electra, visit the online store at http://www.loveelectra.com. With the discount code GLAAD2008, you will receive a 30% discount on all products, plus free shipping for domestic orders, until July 31, 2008. You may also obtain additional information about Love Electra products, promotions and events on the website. www.loveelectra.com or www.myspace.com/ignitehearts For more information about GLAAD’s work and the 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards, please visit www.glaad.org. ###   

Warcraft III: Dota

What is Dota? Dota or Protection of the historical is a personalized scenario for the true-time strategy video video game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and it's growth, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, dependent on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each crew to ruin the opponents' Ancients, heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use strong units recognized as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters called â€Å"creeps†. As in purpose-playing games, people level up their hero and use gold to acquire tools for the duration of the mission.Does Dota truly have an effect on the youth nowadays? Does it support the youth right now? Or it corrupts the minds of the youth who are playing this video game? Allow us search at Dota's positive aspects and disadvantages. Dota will help the youth who are actively playing this sport to turn into mentally inform, cooperative, and strate gic. It also increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the gold's, damages, magic and bodily reduction present in the gaming. In fact, Dota really helps the youth by enjoying this game. In the other hand, enjoying this game with out time conduite and priority can lead to irresponsibility.Beginning from their obligations, the youth spend far more time enjoying this video game fairly than doing their duties. Research had been forgotten, college students grew to become lazy, and relationships with the family members had been also impacted due to the fact of this video game. Enjoying this sport also triggers the player to lose his/her temper and values. Why? It simply since of the distinct languages employed during the game or what we called â€Å"Trash talks†. Trash talks such as foul languages can really eliminate their temper and values. As a end result, the both sides will battle from every single†¦

Image of nursing speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Image of nursing speech - Essay Example This question can be answered by arguing that, despite these other professions being portrayed inaccurately with stereotypes; they do not possess the same â€Å"baggage† as nursing. For example, despite the mockery, medicine and law are respected professions whose practitioners are usually assumed as well educated and competent. It should be understood that the work of a nurse is equally demanding, and most of the nurses have advanced in their career education, yet for several reasons the public take us for granted. There are several antecedents of nursing image, most of the antecedents have painted negatively nursing image, they include: media; the media have fuelled majority of the stereotypes, in that it usually portrays nurses as naive as compared to other health care professionals. For example, several movies and advertisements have portrayed the negative image of nurses during their shows, like making the acting nurse to behave like a doctor’s puppet who is helple ss when the doctor is not there. This makes the public view nursing profession as a lesser profession in the health care. Gender and poor communication: Gender role is one aspect that children learn during their developmental milestone, and it usually leads to gender role stereotypes. Nursing is linked to female profession because it is much dominated by female gender as compared to the male gender. This has been perceived by several journalists as a barrier to communication, since nurses are not able to speak to various media houses to air their concerns to the public and other stakeholders. This has made nurses and the nursing profession to be like a land locked nation that is not known by majority of the public. Moreover, several scholars argue that, the public view male dominant profession like medicine as more powerful than female dominant professions such as nursing. Clothing style: the main aim of introduction of the uniform in

Staffing management plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing management plan - Coursework Example This plan tries to identify processes that the project will undergo and procedures to be followed. The project will be done in reference to statewide information management manual. The manual will lead the project manager when executing duties during the project.  Document maintenance  The staffing management plan will be reviewed every six months and updated as soon as changes are realized. It will be mainly reviewed at every stage of the project, and what will be learned will help in standards upgrading of the project.  Ã‚  Staff planning  Requirement gathering – 10 1 week requirement analysis- 8 5 weeks  Design- 5 3weeksDevelopment-16 10 weeks  Testing -12 1 week maintenance – 6 continuous  Staff acquisition  WMO is a matrix organization that comprises of sponsored staff from foreign firms with consultant staff.  Staff training will be conducted on the basis that their stage will come net after the current one expires. Orientation will be conducted and when the project is on course to equip the staff with skills.The project manager will be assigned to a duty to manage daily operations of the project and how staff responds to the project at every stage.  The rewards of staffs will be reviewed weekly. Every staff will be paid at the rate of $10 per day. The total rewards for each staff will be $300.Staffing management plan is a very important when undertaking a project. The success of a project is determined by the strength of plan that is formulated.

Module is. Professional development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Module is. Professional development - Essay Example The professional is expected to have practical knowledge of entire full life-cycle software development process and associated skills such as web applications, operating systems and content database management systems (Mohanty 2012). The current job market for software engineering is attractive since job opportunities are expected to increase faster than the average of all other careers in the entire economy. According to available statistics from labour organizations, the demand for software engineers is expected to increase at a rate of 30 percent up to 2020. According to the data, two-thirds of graduates are in employment within six months and 64 percent are employed (Prospects 2013). Accordingly, 47.3 percent work in Information technology sector while 12.3 percent work in retail, catering and bar work. 7.5 percent get jobs in commercial and public management while 5.7 percent get jobs in arts, design, culture and sports. From the data, it is evident that the career is attractive and ensures progression (Prospects 2013). The increase in demand can be attributed to the expansion in the use of internet technologies, growth in e-commerce and demand for more complex data processing systems across all sectors of the economy. Okrona (2013) is of the idea that the growth of job opportunities in software development is the emergency of mobile technology that requires small electronic devices like mobile cell phones, watches and consumer electronics to have inbuilt software systems in order to enhance consumer experience. Accordingly, the healthcare sector is currently moving away from paper based patient information filing to electronic patient information systems that will require support of software engineers (Megginson & Whitaker 2003). Cloud computing, internet transaction security and virtualization systems have increased the demand for computer software engineers especially in corporate organisations that use these technologies in order to minimise the costs of operations and improve their margins. There are numerous opportunities in the software engineering job market due to favourable industry trends such as new innovative technologies like cloud computing and increase in online business transaction payment gateways. The booking UK economies will require more software engineers to develop innovative business solutions that will ensure increased customer numbers, increased sales volumes and higher customer satisfaction (Okrona 2013). Other favourable trends in software engineering career include increase in large volumes of data and use of market intelligence analytics by business organisations in order to remain competitive in the industry. The increased emphasis on end users needs and integration of systesm integration with software engineering has led to interoperability of various software products thus increasing the opportunities in the career field. However, there are certain trends that pose threats to the future of a career in software engineering. One of the threats is the rapid changes in computing technologies and user requirements thus creating a need for further education and training on

Journal Assignment on Protest Art Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal on Protest Art - Assignment Example On the other hand, Crile so aligns the theme of her work to the unraveled scandal of brutish human rights violation in Abu Ghraib prison. Hers has assured having captured the actual scenes of grave physical, psychological, and sexual violence as in ‘Arranged: Naked Mound of Flesh’, ‘Crouching in Terror’, and ‘Obscene Intimacy’ in which each naked slim subject possesses both literal and abstract paleness under a smudged white complexion to stress an amount of innocence with shame, frailty, and defenselessness of character as opposed to a darker background of doom with men in full uniform, conspicuously in far greater authority. (2) In his abstract proposition, Alsoudani reveals how a mind would feel towards a concrete encounter of war in its most destructive form. Working the similar pieces with charcoal and pastel to enhance representation of severe disorder, the audience may be drawn to magnify that distorted images are symbolic of a heightened moment of disaster. Smoke and ashes clouding the transitory human figures impact an approach to perceive the concept of destruction that eventually leads to fading whereby the living elements, as in the soldiers, lose their distinguishable features which should have been so vivid prior to the state of chaos.

How Will You Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Will You Vote - Essay Example The applicant were right in their petition saying that if we allow even the Gay Alliance for Same Sex Marriage to hold public assemblies, why not the Hampton Roads Jihad. Giving of pamphlets and holding public demonstrations are all preserved in the â€Å"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 21)† which states that: â€Å"The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interest of national security or public safety (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedom of others† (icnl.org). If Hampton Roads Jihad had passed all the scrutiny, submitted necessary requirements and paid the permit cost of $97,500, then there will be no reason why the permit-issuing body –which is the City Council–should block the permit a pplicant in proceeding with the public assembly. It is the duty of the members of the City Council to scrutinize and to consequently approve permits to hold public assembly of applicants if they laboriously went through the series of procedures and if they meant to do it peaceably on the appointed date and place. If there are pressures by the public for the City Council to prohibit the Hampton Roads Jihad, it is the duty of the state to implement what has been approved and to put in place safeguard measures and contingencies that would avoid acts of violations by groups critical towards the demonstrators. Besides, the Hampton Roads Jihad has many options to contest unfavorable decisions in the higher authorities aside from the local City Council. On the other hand, if the demonstration goes awry, it is the time to disperse the members of Hampton Roads Jihad to further avoid any damages to public property and national security. Indeed, it is righteous not to allow demonstrators who a re past criminals, themselves, to hold public demonstrations. But Hampton Roads Jihad, if they are to be believed, only filed for a permit to public demonstration just to commemorate Osama Bin Laden’s birthday. Ultimately, there is nothing wrong with that. No reason why we shouldn’t allow them. To say that since they believe Bin Laden, then they share the acts of Bin Laden is a misconception. The Hampton Roads Jihad has the right to uphold their belief in Osama Bin Laden, and no entity has the right to challenge their sentiment on public discourse except for the sake of and during discussions. This is preserved in the freedom of expression and of the press, and to violate this is tantamount to a great disservice to America. It is all clear in the First Amendment of the â€Å"United States Bill of Rights† which declares that: â€Å"Congress shall not make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the f reedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† (Amendment I, US Bill of Rights) To vote favorably for Hampton Roads Jihad could be a great challenge that would spell the end of my career as member of a local City Council in a US soil which was once the primary target of Osama Bin Laden-led 9/11 attacks. But to prohibit the Hampton Roads Jihad in proceeding with their demonstration is a great disservice

Chapter 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 5 - Essay Example 1. Why do some employers ban tattoos while others don’t mind them? Employers have different stance or position with regards to employees donning tattoos because some corporate environment require stakeholders to maintain a level of professionalism, which is instrumental in projecting a level of quality in their corporate image on a more traditional sphere. 2. Is it fair for employers to reject applicants who have tattoos? Based on the foregoing, one firmly believes that it is actually fair for employers to reject applicants who have tattoos, especially when these applicants would be future employees who are expected to project the same image of professionalism that the organization aims to adhere to and embody in their transactions. Is it fair to require employees, if hired, to conceal their tattoos? Actually, one believes that at the onset, a corporate philosophy of being true to the applicants in terms of signifying policies regarding tattoos should immediately be relayed. Therefore, if the organization condones tattoos and prefers employees without them, then they should be honest enough to state this requirement to the applicants to avoid conflicts in the future. 3. Should it be illegal to allow tattoos to be a factor at all in the hiring process. Personally, as disclosed in the case facts, tattoos are actually a person’s choice according to preferences and what was aimed to represent by donning them. As such, since these are matters of choices and preferences, organizations have also the prerogative to determine the hiring criteria which would place potential applicants for the right positions. If tattoos are seen as not in any way detrimental to the organization’s operations and to the corporate image being projected, then, the organization has the prerogative not specify restrictions in their hiring policies. It is therefore deemed not

How have the Gulf States used oil as their foreign policy tool (mainly Research Paper

How have the Gulf States used oil as their foreign policy tool (mainly the oil embargo of 1973)and how effective has it been - Research Paper Example Oil ministers agreed on an embargo that would see a gradual reduction in production in 5% increments over time until they had achieved their economic and political objectives; after Libya embargoed all oil shipments to the U.S., Saudi Arabia and all other Arab oil producing nations followed suit leading to the 1973 oil embargo that was equally extended to Western Europe and Japan. The onset of the 1973 oil crisis, when members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced an oil embargo led to high rises in the price of oil per barrel, from US$3 to nearly $12; the short and long term economic as well as political effects of the oil embargo left devastating impacts all over the world (Ross). Price increases were also imposed in the embargo to accelerate the fall in demand of the new lower level oil supply thereby triggering a market rise in the oil price from $3 to $ 12 per barrel; since the global financial system was already under pressure from the coll apsed Bretton Woods Agreement, recessions and high inflation kicked in and persisted up to the early 1980s and oil prices continued to rise until 1986. From the mid 1980’s to 2003, the inflation-adjusted price of a barrel of oil remained stable at around 25$ per barrel but rose dramatically from 2003 beyond $30 per barrel reaching a high of $60 per barrel in 2005 and its peak was $147.30 in 2008. Many factors have been attributable to these dramatic increases in the prices of oil including the depreciation of the U.S. dollar, subsequent reports of the declining oil reserves, the tension in the Middle East, as well as the heightened speculation over oil prices. Geo-political events as well as natural disasters that are indirectly linked to the global oil market have had a significant impact on oil prices; for instance, the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict and

Review of Related Studies Essay Example for Free

Review of Related Studies Essay A lot has been written about what supply management is, and how it relates not only to similar terms and to concept like purchasing, procuring, and sourcing, but also to concepts like management, logistics, and supply chain management. Most authors differentiate purchasing, procurement, sourcing, and supply management as follows: they start by stating that purchasing includes operational activities that are carried out more or less exclusively by one department, namely the purchasing department. The sequence of activities here usually starts with the need identification and ends with the tracking of purchasing activities. Procurement is then defined as being broader in scope and including some activities of strategic relevance. According to Dobler/Burt (1996), procurement includes not only purchasing but also tasks that are strategic in nature. The same logic is then applied to supply management as figure 1 shows. See on page 38 for the figure. Monczka/Trent/Handfield(1998) use the terms purchasing and procurement interchangeable throughout their book. In their view, purchasing and procurement are functional activities that â€Å"most often refer to day-to-day management of material flows and information†. They also define sourcing â€Å"a cross functional process that involves member of the firm other than those who work in the purchasing department, the sourcing management team may include members from engineering, quality, design, manufacturing, marketing, accounting, strategic planning, and other department† Kaufmann (1995) describe sourcing; â€Å"an integrative management approach to designing all supplier relations in the sense of a total relationship management† Arnold (1997) uses the term supply management as an umbrella term for the concept of procurement, materials management, and logistics. According to him, the latter includes inbound logistics, and internal logistics, as well as outbound logistics. Tempelmeier (1995) defines purchasing as contract-centered (as opposed to logistical activities implying the physical movement of goods). He defines procurement as all activities aiming at supplying the company with needed inputs. Corsten (1995) the process of purchasing denotes the act of acquiring the property right of the procurement goods. He defines procurement in a similar way as Tempelmeier. Sourcing is the process of planning and handling outside sources. He defines supply management as procurement with a strategic focus that acts proactively and contributes significantly to company performance. Koppelmann (1995) uses the term Procurement Marketing for nearly exactly the same set of activities as Dobler/Burt do for supply management. There is also some discussion about the types of purchases that fall under each of the definitions. International authors like Dobler/Burt (1996), Monczka/Trent/Handfield (1998), and van Weele (1995) restrict the scope of purchasing, procurement, sourcing or supply management to materials, services, and capital equipment. They do not include the supply of the company with financial resources or personnel. German authors like Arnold (1997), Fieten (1986), Pieper/Pfohl (1993), Tempelmeier (1995) argue differently: They say that from a theoretical standpoint all inputs have to be considered. Some of them like Arnold and Pieper/Pfohl however, pragmatically restrict the scope of purchasing, procurement, or supply management to materials.

Legal Aspects Of Child Labour In India

Legal Aspects Of Child Labour In India CHILD LABOUR AND INDIA- AN ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS INTRODUCTION Child labour has been in India from a long time in some form or the other. Practice of child labour in match box industries, glass bangle industries and is very commonly seen in cheap restaurants and dhabas etc. Generally speaking child labour can be said to be the exploitation or abuse of children in factories, industries etc, who are below the age specified by law working (mentally or physically) to earn for his/her own survival or to support his/her family partially or fully, and which prevents his/her social and education development may be said to be child labour. The reasons which are generally responsible for child labour may include  [1]  : Poverty, Ignorance, Illiteracy, Population explosion, Lack of knowledge of their own rights, Big amounts of debt on the parents, Large size of family but not enough income to support such big family, Lack of social security scheme in the country, Weak enforcement of labour laws. According to an U.N.O report India has the maximum child labour in the world i.e. approx 20 per cent.  [2]  On the basis of Census 1991 and various governmental and non-governmental organizations following are the number of child labourers in India  [3]  : Census 1991 2.63 crore, Organization research group, Baroda, 1994-95 4.44 crore, Centre for concern of Child Labour 10 crore. Extra-governmental volunteer organization more than 5 crore. The numbers may vary according to different organizations but the fact is clear that the numbers of child labourers in India are in crores, which is again a pathetic sight, especially with all the various child labour legislation and the Constitutional provisions. In a report by the Labour Ministry every 4th child is a child labour, aged between 5-14 years and there is one child labour in every three families.  [4]   But its not as if Indian governments havent done anything about this grave social stigma, over the years it has enacted many statutory legislations and Constitutional provisions in order to eradicate the problem of child labour, to name some of them, we have: Labour legislations: The Child Labour Act, 1986, The Factories Act, 1948, The Mines Act, 1952, The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act, 2000 Constitutional provisions  [5]  : Article 24 provides: strictly prohibits children to work in hazardous environment. Article 21, 45 gives the right to education to all the children below the age of 14years. Article 39 declares the duty of the State to provide the children a free facilities to develop in conditions of freedom and dignity in a healthy manner. India is also a party to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Child, 1959. India is also a signatory to: ILO Forced Labour Convention (No. 29); ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (No. 105); UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. The Government of India adopted the National Policy for Children (NPC) in August 1974. This Policy provided that  [6]  It shall be the policy of the state to provide adequate service to children both before and after birth and through the period of their growth, to ensure their full physical, mental and social development. The State shall progressively increase the scope of such services so that, within a reasonable time, all children in the country enjoy optimum conditions for their balanced growth. Indian is also a party to United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Child, 1959 and Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1992 and has formulated its labour laws in accordance to International Labour Conference resolution of 1979. The first part of the paper aims to look into the various legislations relating to child labour. In the second part we shall look into the various precedents set by the Supreme Court of India on the issue of child labour and finally the conclusion. Chapter 1 CONSTITUTIONLA AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS Constitutional provisions The government of India has enacted various labour laws has in accordance to International Labour Conference resolution of 1979. The Constitution of India, through various articles enshrined in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy, lays down that: Article 21 (A) The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age six to 14 years; Article 24 No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment. The word hazardous employment in Art 24 also includes construction industry, also in P.N. v. U.O.I  [7]  , it has been laid down that Art 24 is enforceable even in the absence of implementing legislations;  [8]   Article 39(e) States that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; Article 39(f) States that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment  [9]  . Hence Art 39 in whole requires the state to ensure and protect the children and provide proper child care. Article 45 The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years The framers of the Constitution imposed a duty on the State under Article 45 as one of the directive principles of the State Policy to provide free and compulsory education to all children until they complete the age of 14 year with the sole objective of completely eradicating illiteracy and child labour. Also many of the states had passed various Acts providing for free and compulsory primary or elementary education to children. But unfortunately years after the commencement of the Constitution the goal set by this Article which was to be achieved in 10 years, have yet not been reached. But the provision in article 39(f) and 45 of the constitution gave certain directions in providing a better quality of life of children employed in the factories. Labour legislations The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986: The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in 13 occupations and 51 processes that are hazardous to the childrens lives and health listed in the Schedule to the Act  [10]  . The Factories Act, 1948: The Act completely prohibits children working below the age of 14 years  [11]  . It further states that if a child is between 15 and 18 years of age, can be employed in a factory only if he has a certificate of fitness granted with reference to him under section 69 which is in the custody of the manager of the factory. The Act also says that no child shall be employed or permitted to work, in any factory for more than four and a half hours in any day; The Mines Act, 1952: The Act prohibits the employment of children in mines, who have not completed their 15th year. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act, 2000: This Act was last amended in 2002 in conformity with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child covers young persons below 18 years of age. Section 26 of this Act deals with the Exploitation of a Juvenile or Child Employee, and provides in relevant part, that whoever procures a juvenile or the child for the purpose of any hazardous employment and keeps him in bondage and withholds his earnings or uses such earning for his own purposes shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable for fine. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009: The Act states that all children aged 6 to 14 years shall be provided free and compulsory education. It further states that all private schools should allocated 25 per cent of their seats for disadvantaged and differently abled children. Chapters 2 Precedents set by Supreme Court Though the government of India has enacted various labour legislations to prevent child labour still there are some contradiction among them, mainly the definitional debates on child labour as different legislation provide different definition of a child. Section 2(ii) of The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, defines child as a person who has not completed his fourteenth year of age; Section 2(c) of The Factories Act, 1948 defines child as a person who has not completed his fifteenth year of age; Section 2(e) of The Mines Act, 1952 defines child as a person who has not completed his fifteenth year; Section 2(c) of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, defines child as male or female child of the age of six to fourteen years; Section 2(k) of The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act, 2000 defines child as a person who has not completed eighteenth year of age; Section 2(c) of The Plantations Labour Act, 1951 defines child as a person who has not completed his fourteenth year of age Hence, we can clearly observe that these legislation are at contradiction to each other in defining whos a child and setting an uniform age limit. Therefore the centre and respective state governments should set a uniform universal minimum age of the child as these contradictions adversely affect the objective of protection from child labour and providing a better educational and social development to children of India. Following are few of important Supreme Court cases that have helped in framing better laws regarding child labour: In Democratic Rights V. Union of India  [12]  , it was contended that the Employment of Children Act, 1938 was not applicable in the matter of employment of children in construction works, as it was not mentioned in the act. But the court held even construction work is a hazardous employment and no child below the age of 14 years can be employed as given under Art 24 of the Indian Constitution, even though construction industry has not been specified in the schedule to the Employment of children Act, 1938, thus the SC rejected the contention. In Salal Hydro Project vs. Jammu and Kashmir  [13]  , the Court has restated the principle laid in Democratic Rights V. Union of India  [14]  that Construction work is hazardous employment and any child below 14 cannot be employed in this work. In Sheela Barse and others vs Union of India and others  [15]  , Bhagawati, C.J. quoted from National Policy for the welfare of Children incorporated to provide better social and educational development to the children of India : The Nations children a supremely important asset. Their nurture and solicitude are our responsibility. Childrens programme should find a prominent part in our national plans for the development of human resources, so that our children grow up to become robust citizens, physically fit, mentally alert and morally healthy, endowed with the skill and motivations needed by society. Equal opportunities for development to all children during the period of growth should be our aim, for this would serve our large purpose of reducing inequality and ensuring social justice. In M.C. Mehta v State of Tamil Nadu Ors  [16]  , the SC gave direction to the Union and state governments to identify all children and withdraw them from working in hazardous processes and occupations, and to provide them with free and proper education as incorporated into the Constitution, Artcle 21-A. The Court also directed the Union and state governments to set up a Child Labour Rehabilitation-cum-Welfare Fund using contributions from employers who breach the Child Labour Act. In Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh,  [17]  the SC held that every child has the right to free education till the age of 14 years. Artcle 21-A which was incorporated into the Constitution, reflects this standard. CONCLUSION It is said that child is the father of man, and the children of our country are our biggest asset. The government of India has enacted several laws in order to provide healthy social and educational environment for the children. But in spite of all the laws enacted, problem of child labour still persists in our Indian society that is because child labour laws are themselves flawed in some way or the other or suffer from poor implementation of programmes. Though awareness towards child labour has increased and now there are several NGOs trying their best, but today what we require is to take concrete actions, the central and respective state governments need to provide for better machinery for enforcing child labour laws. Unless this is achieved our country wont be completely free the burden of child labour.

Allegory in Forsters The Other Side of the Hedge Essay -- Forster Oth

Allegory in Forster's The Other Side of the Hedge After reading the first few paragraphs, The Other Side of the Hedge, by E. M. Forster, seems to be nothing more than a story about a man walking down a long road. The narrator's decision to go through the hedge transforms the story into an allegory that is full of symbols representing Forster's view of the journey of life. The author develops the allegory through the use of several different symbols including the long road, the hedge and the water. The allegory is about man's life journey toward the ultimate goal of heaven. When the reader interprets the story on a literal level, it seems somewhat realistic, but he quickly senses a double meaning. In the story, the narrator travels on a long, dusty road that seems to have no end. He tells about the other people of the road, discussing the possessions that they attempt to carry with them. Some of these people abandon their journey, leaving their possessions behind to gather dust. The target of E.M. Forster's allegory is the transition from life on earth to life in heaven. Forster's many symbols in the story portray his view of life. One important symbol that Forster mentions several times is the long, dusty road. The seemingly endless road represents the long, difficult journey of life. The people in the story must travel on the road even though it never ends and leads them nowhere. At first, they carry as many possessions with them as possible, but they eventually leave them behind, as he journey becomes more difficult. The narrator says, "The road behind was strewn with the things we had all dropped." Eventually, the people of ... ... falls into the water, it cleanses his body physically, but it also cleanses his soul symbolically. His body is no longer covered with dust from his journey on the road. The water also causes the main character's pedometer to stop working. This further indicates that all links to the narrator's past life have been destroyed. He has moved on to a different stage in life, and there is no turning back. E.M. Forster's use of allegory and symbolism in The Other Side of the Hedge helps present his belief that the journey toward heaven is easier when one has fewer possessions and does good deeds for others. When the main character strays from the road, he begins a symbolic journey into heaven. The hedge strips him of his worldly possessions, while the water cleanses him spiritually, preparing him for the life to come.

An Argument Against a Presupposition Essay -- Political Science

In The American Democracy and Its National Principle, Herbert Croly makes an eloquent and poignant case for adopting a nationalistic frame of mind. According to Croly, we are rapidly approaching a junction where we must choose between the traditional values, measures and mind set of our past or embrace the opportunities of the future. As a people we should realize that the future holds great promise, and that is why we should focus on empowering a centralized system of governance that replaces the antiquated approach to governance: regional centricity whose players are driven by their self-interest rather than the common good. This may sound like nationalism but this is an inadequate assessment. To Croly, nationalism is a much grander thing. Nationalism requires substantially more than â€Å"merely† centralizing the government; there must be a shift in how people see themselves, from a collection of states into a single American people. Nationalism is a philosophical ide al that far outstretches any tangible thing. Nationalism requires a unified frame of mind focused on a single point of governance. Croly’s opinion, while not revolutionary, was still regarded with suspension by many people in 1909 (the year Croly’s essay was published). People who were wary of a nationalistic government and a unified frame of mind had a good argument against Croly’s essay. Much of this essay focuses on this argument against Croly’s presuppositions regarding the â€Å"progressive† outcome of nationalization. First off, Croly bases everything in his argument on the claim that the â€Å"national interest† is predicated on democratic principles (as cited in Eisenach, p19). This is why people should have nothing to fear from a nationalistic government: i... ...al level (Eisenach, viii). I do not buy the argument that consolidating more power into the national government invariably leads to progress. At the same time, Croly‘s argument against nostalgic dogma is well founded and enlightened. Indeed, there are several interesting points Croly makes about the ramifications of inaction and indifference regarding amending the constitution. However, it was evident to me after reading the essay that his call for progressivism had, at best, several logical flaws and, at worst, paralleled fascism to an alarming degree. Works Cited Croly, H. (1909). The American Democracy and Its National Principle. (as cited in Eisenach, p#) References to the introduction section are in roman numeralsEisenach. (2006). The Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. (Eisenach)

The Lost Generation in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

The Lost Generation in The Sun Also Rises The book The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway is a perfect example of what life was like after the war. It was about unrealistic love of a young Lady Brett Ashley, and the post war adventures of Jake Barnes and his friends. "In an age of moral bankruptcy, spiritual dissolution, unrealized love, and vanishing illusion, this is the lost generation," and that is exactly what Hemmingway writes about in The Sun Also Rises. Jake Barnes lived a real casual life style. He is a writer that goes out with his buddies almost every night, and drinks. "Oh Jake", Brett said," we could have had such a damned good time together." His only true desire is a Lady Brett Ashley, he is madly in love with her but all he can do is sit back and watch her toy with the other men. Many times he has purposed his love to Brett, she loves him as well, but will not have a romantic relationship with him because her sexual desire is too great and Jake cannot have a sexual relatioship because he has no penis, it was castrated during the war. Jake was also an "aficionado" of bull fighting during one of his fiascos he and his friends and Lady Brett Ashley went to Pamplona. First Brett introduced her new fiance named Mike, a war veteran and a bankrupt drunk. Mike would later get on Robert Cohn's case for bugging Brett and acting like a stalker. Cohn and Brett had a brief fling in San Sebastian, but Cohn could not excpet that Brett had no emotional feelings for him and that love affair meant anything. Cohn doesn't realize that Brett is a permiscius lady. During that week, Jake, Mike, and Bill (Jake's Friend) relize how much they hate Cohn and they all start to antagonize him. While at the bullfights, Brett falls in love with a young "matador" named Pedro Romero, Jake helps her get involved with Romero, Cohn finds out and beats up Jake, and Romero, and then Cohn leave Spain and goes back. Brett realizes that she will only do Romero harm and asks Jake to take her away from him. It seems everytime Brett would get in trouble Jake would always come to the rescue, because he is hopelessly in love with her.

Religious Toleration Essay

In early Europe, many places established a strong sense of church. This was normally established by the ruler and how the ruler thought the land should practice. When the Protestant reformation came around, this boiled up many different controversies with toleration. The 16th to 18th centuries saw a lot of diverse arguments and practices concerning religious toleration. From different people all over, the ideas varied greatly with some people only wanting their religions to exist, others giving some leeway for other religions to live on, while some compromising for the good of their own people or followers. Toleration was accepted by some and rejected by others in Europe. William Prince of Orange wanted to ensure to keep his country safe so his proclamation to the people of the Netherlands stating that religious toleration was needed so Spain could not potentially harm them, therefore tolerance was a way to keep the peace inside their country (DOC 2). In 1649, the _Agreement of the Free People of England_ pamphlet wrote on how the anguish of persecution is caused by religious problems (Doc 6). Voltaire, a French writer and philosopher, writes about how if one religion was allowed in England the government could become heavily tyrannical therefore he states that religious toleration would bring peace and let people live happily (DOC 11). No toleration from the some of the Roman and French people was evident against the Protestants. King Louis XIV of France in 1685 forbids the subjects of Protestant religion in any place because of the evils, troubles, and confusion in his country, therefore he doesn’t believe Protestants should be allowed anywhere under any circumstances (DOC 8). Going completely against what Luther believes, Maria Theresa has her belief that if there is no subordination in the church, how will people live? Putting salvation at  stake when bringing other religions into the picture is what outraged many people in the sixteenth to eighteenth century (Doc 12). A French Catholic aristocrat, Paul Hay du Chastelet, wanted to give his opinion and pleas that the unity of one belief binds the men together and keeps all the men at the same altar who will rarely fight each other, therefore the princes are obligated to pick the religion of the region they are in charge of (DOC 7). The two most discussed topic in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries would be the toleration and non-toleration of religions. Some people made compromises so there was no fighting or keeping the peace between people. Glabbais in 1691 opens up a new Catholic church and states that no offense between the Protestants and Catholics will happen when going to and from church. Also, there will be a specific meeting place for Catholics so no trouble is caused (Doc 9). Also, when King Henry IV of France wrote the famous Edict of Nantes, it permitted reformed religions to live in the places of his Kingdom. The Edict explains how the people of the reformed religion will keep everything contained (Doc 5). The other way the compromise was achieved was through keeping the religions separated. This meant that one religion would be observed quietly and peacefully in their home. This was mostly accommodated to the Lutherans and the Lutherans had to stay where their religion thrives (Doc 10). The religious toleration in the 16th through 18th centuries brought a lot of talk between the arguments and practices of religions. There were people who agreed that religion should all coexist together, have only one practice control everyone, or some with a compromise for the good of their own people. Religious tolerance was a term that was debated and capitalized on for most states and Kingdoms during the Protestant Reformation.

Human effects on environments Essay

Human effects on environments is increasing during the past few years. Those trash and pollution made by people is becoming detrimental to local environment. There is a survey done in Xingqing park in Xian about human effects on natural environment. Water quality including turbidity and pH were tested, also the quality of soil was tested. In addition human effects were found in order to see how deep the damage is. Food web provides a view of creatures live in there in order to give an opinion on how much the pollution is. The result was that human activities does have negative effects on natural environment in various ways, so in conclusion people should care moe about loca environment instead of through trash. Introduction Human activities sometimes contaminates the nature, it can be seen in many parts of city such as parks and lakes. Here the environment of Xingqing park is damaged by people for many years. As a park, it locates in the center of the city which means the majority of people come there frequently. In order to find the damage, items such as pH, turbidity and others were tested to find out how much the negative effects are. Human activities like footprints and trashes are also counted in. The thesis is that human activities has detrimental damage on environment because of trash and lack of cleaning. Method In order to find out the quality of water, first we tested the water turbidity using Secchi disk, measured the length of the line to calculate the turbidity. Then the pH of water was tested using pH paper. Soil pH is a little different, we have to put soil and water in a ratio of 1 over 5, then wait until water and soil separated into layers, the clear part of the water will be tested by pH paper. For plants distribution and food chain we use a map to mark every time we see certain creatures. Human activities including foot prints and trash are marked in the map also. Then results will be analyzed to reach the conclusion. Findings Based on research, there are something in the park represents environmental damage. Walking around the lake there is died fish over the corner spreads smelly smell, it seems that the quality of water is not good enough to support such big creatures. Also there are not enough decomposers to break it down. In addition, there are several insects float on the water, also some trash such as plastic bags are around corner of the lake edge. The water turbidity is 33cm in Secchi disk measurement, another thing is seen commonly is massive of bacteria on the surface of water floating around,which is disgusting. On the ground there is a wild crab found in the bush, also there are wild sparrows and magpies found in the tree but not so many. For plans distribution, since it is an artificial lake, the plants are mostly planted by human, rings of tress surrounded the whole lake. But the grass cover is not in a high rate, hard soil is everywhere due to human walking, about 40%of land is covered by grass. Another thing need to consider is soil and water pH, however both the soil and lake have water in basic levels of 7 to 8, which is just ok for creatures to survive. Finally we noticed that there are a huge amount of ants, including big ants and small ants. Small ants stay together meanwhile big ants going around alone. As internet shown the air quality is not as bad, pm2.5 is in a level of 110 in general.

John Dewey Essay

Synopsis John Dewey was born October 20, 1859, in Burlington, Vermont. He taught at universities from 1884 to 1930. An academic philosopher and proponent of educational reform, in 1894 Dewey started an experimental elementary school. In 1919 he cofounded The New School for Social Research. Dewey published over 1,000 pieces of writings during his lifetime. He died June 1, 1952, in New York, New York Early Life John Dewey was born on October 20, 1859, to Archibald Dewey and Lucina Artemisia Rich in Burlington, Vermont. He was the third of the couple’s four sons, one of whom died as an infant. Dewey’s mother, the daughter of a wealthy farmer, was a devout Calvinist. His father, a merchant, left his grocery business to become a Union Army soldier in the Civil War. John Dewey’s father was known to share his passion for British literature with his offspring. After the war, Archibald became the proprietor of a successful tobacco shop, affording the family a comfortable life and financial stability. Teaching Career The autumn after Dewey graduated, his cousin landed him a teaching job at a seminary in Oil City, Pennsylvania. Two years later, Dewey lost the position when his cousin resigned as principal of the seminary. After being laid off, Dewey went back to Vermont and started teaching at a private school in Vermont. During his free time, he read philosophical treatises and discussed them with his former teacher, Torrey. As his fascination with the topic grew, Dewey decided to take a break from teaching in order to study philosophy and psychology at Johns Hopkins. George Sylvester Morris and G. Stanley Hall were among the teachers there who influenced Dewey most. Upon receiving his doctorate from Johns Hopkins in 1884, Dewey was hired as an assistant professor at the University of Michigan. At Michigan he met Harriet Alice Chipman, and the two married in 1886. Over the course of their marriage, they would give birth to six children and adopt one child. Philosophy Dewey’s philosophical treatises were at first inspired by his reading of philosopher and psychologist William James’ writing. Dewey’s philosophy, known as experimentalism, or instrumentalism, largely centered on human experience. Rejecting the more rigid ideas of Transcendentalism to which Dewey had been exposed in academia, it viewed ideas as tools for experimenting, with the goal of improving the human experience. Dewey’s philosophy also claimed than man behaved out of habit and that change often led to unexpected outcomes. As man struggled to understand the results of change, he was forced to think creatively in order to resume control of his shifting environment. For Dewey, thought was the means through which man came to understand and connect with the world around him. A universal education was the key to teaching people how to abandon their habits and think creatively. Education Reform John Dewey was a strong proponent for progressive educational reform. He believed that education should be based on the principle of learning through doing. In 1894 Dewey and his wife Harriet started their own experimental primary school, the University Elementary School, at the University of Chicago. His goal was to test his educational theories, but Dewey resigned when the university president fired Harriet. Writing Dewey wrote his first two books, Psychology (1887) and Leibniz’s New Essays Concerning the Human Understanding (1888), when he was working at the University of Michigan. Over the course of his lifetime, Dewey published more than 1,000 works, including essays, articles and books. His writing covered a broad range of topics: psychology, philosophy, educational theory, culture, religion and politics. Through his articles in The New Republic, he established himself as one of the most highly regarded social commentators of his day. Dewey continued to write prolifically up until his death. Later Life and Death In 1946, Dewey, then 87, remarried to a widow named Roberta Grant. Following their marriage, the Deweys lived off of Roberta’s inheritance and John’s book royalties. On June 1, 1952, John Dewey, a lifelong supporter of educational reform and defender of rights for everyman, died of pneumonia at the age of 92 in the couple’s New York City apartment.

Agribusiness Policy and the Business Environment

Dairy farming is one of the key areas of Agribusiness sector. One subgroup of this dairy farming is the raw milk business, which is the focus area of business in this report. The raw milk business is a very unique business area because of its frequent clashes with the government, and the very strict regulation under which it operates.The business is analyzed by using a fictitious company names Organo-Milk. The company can be thought of as a typical medium scale business enterprise, which is one of the common scenarios in this business are. The problems outlined for this company are typical of other similar sized companies in the raw mil business, and have led to many of the companies being closed down.The surviving companies are either very large cooperatives like Horizon Organic, or innovative companies like Organic Pastures, the latter being the chief focus of this study. Through the fictitious company, the raw milk business will be analyzed and some strategic options would be outl ined, which can be utilized for other similar companies in the business.The report first gives the introduction of Organo-Milk, then gives a detailed explanation of the US government policy regarding raw milk, then explores the business environment of the company, and finally takes all these inputs to give strategic solution for the company under focus.Introduction  The company under analysis here is a fictitious company with the name Organo-Milk. The company is modeled after the company Organic Pastures, and makes raw dairy milk and related products.The raw dairy products are the dairy foods that are unprocessed artificially for instance by using processes such as pasteurizing, heating, or chemically treating etc.Even the cows used in the farms are nor given antibiotics, hormones or GMOs i.e., Genetically Modified Organisms for producing more or better grade of milk. Instead they are given naturopathic treatments and are fed using organic green pastures only (Organic Pastures: Pr oducts, n.d., para 1).Like Organic pastures. Organo-Milk is also considered as a family owned company with the main organizational positions shared between different family members. Organo-Milk is based in the California state in the United States.This makes the company along with Organic Pastures, â€Å"one of the few remaining family-owned and operated dairies in California† (Organic Pastures: Organic pastures dairy Company, n.d., para 1).The company is assumed to have been set up formally in the early 1990s, and the founding members still hold crucial positions in the company, and are responsible for most of the day to day decisions and company operations.The staff working with the company has also been with them from the very start, with few instances of permanent employees leaving the farm. Most of the people employed on the farm live in the neighboring areas with very few instances of immigrant labor, though there are a fair number of labors who are drifters, ready to w ork as temporary employees for a couple of months.The company follows a very personal approach in its dairy farming operations.The products of Organo-Milk are kept similar to Organic Pastures, and are as below: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Milk – As is mentioned above the company produces raw milk which contains natural occurring bacteria, beneficial to health, other necessary organic compounds like amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants etc. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Butter – The butter made by the company is also raw butter, which is merely the fat part of the raw milk, and is made from churned cream without any additional ingredients like salt or colorings. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cream – Cream produced by the company s just the raw cream skimmed from the raw milk, and there is not chemical process involved during the sequence. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cheese – The raw cheese p roduced by the company is probably the most treated of all the products. The cheese is heated to a temperature around 100 degrees Fahrenheit to make the process optimized and faster. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colostrum – This is the food which a mother cow produces to strengthen their new born calves and is an attraction to people who like dairy products.(Organic Pastures: Organic pastures dairy Company, n.d., para 1)The products produced are generally known as organic in the market mainly because of their non-use of any hormones and chemicals during and after the milking process.The milk and milk products which follow this process come at a premium price, and are popular among people as ‘real’ dairy farm products. The companies however, are almost always under controversies regarding safe practices, the treatment of animals on farms and what constitutes the exact definition of organic foods. Even larger corporations like Horizon Organic and Aurora Organic Dairy face these issues.

The Music Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Music Industry - Term Paper Example Before the internet had arrived, the distribution of music was done through a few standards. These included CDs in the 1980s and the 1990s and before that, tapes formed one of the important mediums for the transmission of music to the final listener. All these standards had one feature in common. These mediums were traceable, secure and physical. Music theft and infringement was not common. Proper proceeds were given to the recording company, and henceforth to the artist. However, the sprawl of the internet led to websites, which started offering free music, which was available for download for everyone (Burgelman, Year). In this regard, the music industry started losing quite a lot in revenues. Some worrisome statistics will properly paint a picture of the loss of the music industry, because of an increase in digital media. Since peer-to peer, networking sites have evolved, around 47 percent of the music sales in the United States have dropped. Moreover, internet users consume aroun d $7 billion to $20 billion of the music, which is completely pirated, and the proceeds do not reach the right owner of the music. Around 30 billion songs illegally downloaded on the internet, through different websites in a span of five years (RIAA, n.d). ... Lastly, it tries to explain solutions to this problem in this dynamic and globalized world, where information is shared in nano-seconds. Concerning the legal issues involved in the music industry, it is important to discuss the matter of copyrights initially. Copyrighting is a way of providing legal protection, given to different forms of art, especially musical compositions such as lyrics, records and songs. In the music industry, the issue of copyrighting includes protecting the music itself (which includes lyrics and a melody) and the recording (such as mp3s, CDs, cassettes, DAT and other form of recording). If the music is recorded on a tangible medium, the creator has copyright protection. It is more prudent to register with the Copyright office, to gain maximum protection (Lawyers for the Creative Art, n.d). In this regard, distribution of music on the internet, without obtaining the permission from the original owner becomes a copyright infringement. The United States Copyrigh t Act states that the protection of a musical recording applies to sound recording. The reproduction of a particular sound recording forms the exclusive right of the Copyright owner. Infringement occurs when another party reproduces the musical recordings, without the permission of Copyright owner. Much of the music on the internet is obtained and transmitted without this permission. Therefore, it becomes illegal. However, not all the websites on the internet transmit the music illegally. These websites include iTunes, Rhapsody, MusicNet, and Liquid Digital Media among others. When an individual downloads music off this website, he or she has to pay a certain amount to the website (Bass, n.d). The mp3 technology or the

The reality of work and how this is similar to or differs from the Essay

The reality of work and how this is similar to or differs from the conventional image portrayed in management texts - Essay Example Specifically, the latter is a reaction to the first two theories developed by Taylor and Weber. Some popular names like Michel Foucault also surfaced in that era. His emphasis on surveillance and power made the employees â€Å"knowable, calculable and administrable object† (Findlay, 1996). This paper particularly tackles the subject of work: how it is portrayed in the management theories and how it is done in real life. With learnings from various seminars, it is our goal to come up with a comparison of theoretical and realistic notion of work. The topic will be dealt with balance on different perspectives. The concept of economies of scale gave rise to large organizations. During the Ford era, there was a transformation from â€Å"craft production to mass production† (http://www.willamette.edu). Two important economic theories became the foundation of efficiency: specialization and division of labor. We can trace these concepts to Adam Smith, known as the Father of modern economics. In reality, these concepts were applied through â€Å"combining specialized functional units† so that it would be â€Å"less costly to produce several products than a single specialized one† (http://www.willamette.edu). Frederick Taylor believed that scientific method can greatly increase productivity (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration). Anchored on the economic principle of achieving the optimum, jobs are simplified so that workers can perform them at the best way (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration). Taylor believed that workers should be taught the scientific way of performing the tasks rather than just motivating them and giving them incentives. He believes that the most basic tasks can even be planned out so as to achieve greater productivity (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration). Taylor’s idea of productivity necessitates extracting the

Morally permissible for abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Morally permissible for abortion - Essay Example In this article, two basic assertions will be fortified – one that there are no good grounds to believe that abortion is morally incorrect and secondly, that there are good causes to prove that abortion is morally permissible. Providing a brief critique of a known pro-life argument is deemed necessary before we proceed with the construction of an argument for the moral permissibility of abortion. The eminent anti-abortion philosopher Marquis has stated that â€Å"the future of a standard fetus includes a set of experiences, projects, activities, and such which are identical with the futures of adult human beings and are identical with the futures of young children...it follows that abortion is prima facie seriously wrong.† According to him, killing a fetus is nothing but killing a human being since the fetus is a future resemblance of human being which makes abortion morally wrong. He added that killing a fetus certainly implies a potential loss of value. All pro-life a ctivists believe that killing children and infants is wrong in the same way as it is killing any human being (cited in Marquis 184-185). To counteract the premises of Marquis, Mary A. Warren, a well known pro-abortion feminist philosopher deduces the following anti-abortion argument: 1) It is wrong to kill innocent human beings, 2) fetuses are innocent human beings, and 3) therefore, it is wrong to kill fetuses. ... e biological species Homo sapiens and incorporates not only functioning children and adults, but also fetuses (even very early fetuses) and alive human bodies without working brains (e.g. those in irretrievable comas). The human in the moral sense refers to all beings who are full-grown members of the moral community and includes all but only persons. Warren further states that if ‘human being’ has the same meaning in both the settings then one of them is questionable. The argument either presumes that it is incorrect to kill a fetus simply because it is a homo sapient or it is a member of the moral community. Further arguments are required to clarify the matter since both the claims are controversial. To clarify this matter, Warren next considers whether genetic humanity is sufficient enough for moral humanity.   She asks â€Å"What characteristics entitle an entity to be considered a person [in the moral sense]?† Exemplifying her theory of personhood, Warren s tates that a being or entity to be considered a ‘human being’ or a ‘person’ in the moral sense must possesses most of the following characteristics: ‘(1) Consciousness, (2) Reasoning, (3) Self-motivate activity, (4) communication capability, and (5) the presence of self-concepts and self-awareness’. She further added that the degree of a being’s similarity to a person decides its degree of right to life. In other words, the more resemblance a being holds to a person, the stronger are its consideration for having a right to life, and the stronger its right to life is. On the basis of this theory, she claims that a fetus doesn’t have any similarity to a ‘person’ at any stage of its development to be considered enough for having the right to life (cited in Warren 259-260). Moreover, on the

HUMANITIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HUMANITIES - Essay Example the optimistic aspect of those issue schemes is applied while concluding any specific event, we come out with a positive approach towards conclusion of that event, and if pessimistic aspect of those issue schemes are applied, then appropriate conclusion towards any specific event can not be drawn. It is really essential to apply such issue scheme to any specific issue which should enable us in drawing a better conclusion. Before going into discussing impact of a historic issue on a selected event, let’s first get to know which historic issue and event are chosen for this purpose. The historic issue which has been selected is violence versus peace and the event on which its implication will be discussed is 9/11, a violent attack on the world trade center. The selected issue is a real ongoing issue in the present era and almost every country in the world is facing the dilemma of violence these days. And in opposition to that, peace is the phenomenon which has a lot of influence in settling up disputes and conflicts either among the individuals or among the nations. The event which is selected is also related to the historic issue of violence versus peace and in this assignment, we will show how much significance violence and peace has on the event of 9/11. While discussing a historic issue, let’s first get to know what violence is. To start with violence, it is those sadistic and aggressive acts done by a group or an individual whose purpose is to create fear and terror among some people or societies. We can also say that any act which creates fear and affects psychological stability of a person or society is called an act of violence. Whenever a violent act occurs, the people living in that specific area get mentally distressed and their routine life also get disturbed because of the fear that is generated due to the violent act. People, who perform violent acts, always have a motive of creating fear and distress among people. â€Å"Violent groups have an

Workforce Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workforce Diversity - Research Paper Example For many organizations, workforce diversity becomes serious issue which gives birth to bigger problems afterwards. Just like all other organizations, a hefty amount of diversity possesses at LOCOG as well. For an event like Olympics 2012, if the concern of diversity is not taken seriously then it might lead to multiple problems like conflict of interest, loss of time, efficiency and money, loss of productivity, legal actions and complaints, issues related to health etc. Acknowledging the importance of workforce diversity, many researchers have conducted researches in order to investigate the consequences, issues, importance and benefits of workforce diversity. In subsequent paragraphs, importance of workforce diversity has been mentioned in the light of relevant studies. Importance of Workforce Diversity Importance of diversity in workforce can be determined by acknowledging its severe consequences. If the proper management of workforce diversity is ignored, then there are chances fo r organization to encounter bigger mishaps. In this regard, Mannix and Neale (2005) conducted a study and explained the two aspects of workforce diversity that affect the organizational performance. These two aspects include: i. Functional Level Diversity ii. Surface Level Diversity It is necessary to recognize the widespread bases which cause diversity. These bases are categorized under two broader terminologies. Differences which arise on the basis of educational background, qualification, personality traits and experience are termed as Functional Level Diversity whereas differences appearing on the basis of ethnicity, gender, age and disability are categorized as Surface Level Diversity. Mannix and Neale (2005) investigated that surface level diversity leaves negative impacts on the performance of workers whereas functional level diversity yields positive results on the performance of workers. McCuiston, Wooldrige & Pierce (2004) also conducted research on the same subject. Howev er, they highlighted the importance of leadership in managing a diversified workforce. Being present at the top management of the organization and having the sole authority of making decisions, according to McCuiston, Wooldrige & Pierce (2004), it is the responsibility of organization’s leaders to manage the diversity of workforce in an effective manner. The primary reason behind such intense diversity in workforce is globalization. After the financial crisis of 2007, people are migrating for getting better jobs which is increasing the intensity of workforce diversity more than ever before. In this regard, it is the responsibility of organization’s top management to deal effectively with workforce diversity because if the reputation of an organization regarding dealing with diversity gets ruptured in the eyes of labor market, then potential talented candidates will feel reluctant in applying for that certain organization (Bartz, Hillman, Lehrer, and Mayhugh, 1990). Man aging Workforce Diversity at LOCOG 2012 For most of the organizations, it becomes difficult to deal with the issues related to workforce diversity. Many organizations take assistance from mentors, experts and practitioners in order to develop an applicable and efficient structure of strategies. Shen, Chanda, D’Netto & Monga (2009) have defined a clear structure of developing strategies for workforce diversity. They stated that for dealing with diversity, organization needs to formulate strategies at all three organizational levels. They include strategic level, tactical level and operational level. At strategic level, strategies must be crafted for long term purpose i.e. establishing strategies so that they will be applicable for more than 10 years. Such

Consensual Relationship Agreements Case Study Research Paper

Consensual Relationship Agreements Case Study - Research Paper Example The consensual relationship agreement (CRA) involves the two individuals acknowledging that their relationship is voluntary and promising to behave professionally while at the place of work. They also agree to behave ethically, therefore not offending other employees with their behavior; favoritism between them is discouraged. Moreover, the involved parties at the workplace are required to sign the consensual relationship agreement and abide to its rules and regulations. However, workplace romance can at times compromise the employees’ concentration, especially when the two lovebirds work in the same place. According to Amaral (2006, p.1), the mixture of genders in the places of work and time spent together creates room for growth of romantic feelings towards the employees, which yields to significant consequences. Most managers are sued by their employees for sexual harassment and failed relationships. Therefore, CRA works as a savoir for employers in such situations. In addition, a relationship that has the potential of yielding to a lawsuit is not worth it; therefore, CRAs creates a balance between individual interests. According to Amaral (2006, p.1), office romance has serious repercussions such as low productivity, as other employees believe that the boss is favoring his partner who is an employee. Therefore, in my future workplace, I would recommend the use of consensual relationship agreements, as their rules oppose favoritism and encourage professionalism. Upon signing this agreement, the involved parties are expected to comply with the rules and regulations of the CRAs. Consensual relationship agreements also reduce legal issues associated with sexual harassment. Upon signing a consensual relationship agreement, the parties attest that they are in the relationship voluntarily, and therefore, sexual harassment is out of question. In addition, CRA ensures that a relationship ends amicably,

Debord, Rutherford and Giroux Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Debord, Rutherford and Giroux - Essay Example Nothing, not even an essay into the general nature of meaning of things, should be viewed out of its context. Thus, at the very onset, this essay admits that its purpose in being is to examine the political nature of the present age through the light of communication media. Probably the most emblemic symbol of the present age of international development is the media - electronic and otherwise. This is because the media sells things - goods, services, ideas, opinions, etc - all that is necessary to sustain this present generation of enhanced civilization in the present day and well into the future. Whether it is a commercial enterprise selling biscuits for profit or a politician selling him- or herself for self-aggrandizement the media is there to help do the job. Thus, it is necessary to know how the media views the nature of things and influences it so that it can be better understood how the media's pervasive influence on life in the 21st century moulds its modes of epistemology. This shall be done so now with the views of three European thinkers - Debord, Rutherford and Giroux - on how the individual consciousness thrives or languishes amid the greater world at large. The essay shall begin on the following very germane note - Hegemony, the rule of the dominant, in the individual consciousness is the subjectivity that the hegemony itself has instilled psychologically in it. This is so according to Louis Althusser (Lecture Notes 2) and quite in line with what Gramsci thought of it as the subjected class accepting the values and mores of the dominant class as 'common sense' and 'natural' to sustain hegemony - Gramsci's definition of the rule of the dominant class over the subjected one (Lecture Notes 2). The hegemonistic rule is thus natural and second nature in the subject, who may have been subjected to its influence right from birth, though it may not stand in his or her stead.DeBord and the 'Spectacle' To understand DeBord better it is necessary to understand his conception of what he terms as the 'spectacle' better - "The spectacle is not a collection of images; rather it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images". And, - "The spectacle cannot be understood as either a deliberate distortion of the visual world or as a product of the technology of the mass dissemination of images. It is much better viewed as a Weltanschauung that has been actualized, translated into the material realm - a world view translated into an objective force". (Lecture Notes 2) So what do these two statement signify In terms of mass communications DeBord can be correlated with Gramsci in the following sense - The spectacle is the otherness that is imposed around the individual consciousness, the being-in-itself, that it must acknowledge all

Essay One Description and Narration Essay Example for Free

Essay One Description and Narration Essay Anyone who has ever achieved anything has had to face many obstacles to accomplish their goals. But what defines their success is never how many obstacles stand in their way, but how many obstacles they overcome. Even though I might have to overcome many tough obstacles in order to become a police officer, I believe that it is important to protect the public and prevent crime. In order to gain a position in the police force, I will have to pass various examinations, such as a written exam that will be based on correct wording, grammar, spelling and punctuation. In my opinion, this exam seems pretty easy because I am good in language arts and reading. Perhaps whenever it comes my time to take this examination, I will ace it. The police academy training also prepares police officers for active duty. The training probably has to be the hardest obstacle for me because it requires intense physical workouts. The first week in training I will have to run, and do calisthenics, which consists of push-ups, crunches, and jumping jacks. I will also have to use the medicine ball to do sit-ups, twist and hand offs, curls presses and extended workouts. Each week I will have to do the sets and reps for these physical workouts and each week the exercises double , so I will have to do double the work. Finding the job as a police officer will definitely be the second hardest obstacle. There will be a lot of competition in order for me to get into police training. In the past, becoming a police officer was not as difficult as it is today. One of the  main reasons that getting a police officer jobs is more difficult now, is that there are many more applicants than there used to be. Once I am a police officer, I can move into other areas like drug investigation. If I become a drug investigator I will have to have five or more years of police experience. Police dog services, also known as K9s is another advancement that I am interested. As K-9 handler I must be able to perform specific tasks with my dog, such as bomb and narcotic detection, human tracking, and finding hidden objects. Or even an explosives disposal technician, which are specialized in training to handle chemical, biological and even nuclear weapons. Out of all these three options, the main one that catches my attention has to be a drug investigator. Hopefully when I have a lot of experience in the police force I can work my way up and become a drug investigator or even a police k-9. It will also be personally gratifying to protect the public.

Computer Use in Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

Computer Use in Early Childhood Education Essay Abstract The importance of the child’s development in early years of education has reached the stage where it becomes critical that learning programs becomes a global issue. Understanding changes and undertaking practice is fundamental in student learning. The purpose of this article is to increase our perception on the different effects of using computer technology in early childhood setting. In answering the question What is the purpose of education? I started at that time from the observation that man lives in a world of objects which influence him and which he wishes to influence, and so he must know these objects in their characteristics, their essence and their relation to one another and to mankind. Friedrich Froebel Keywords : Early Childhood, Computer, Technology Education, Curriculum Introduction Throughout educational history, world philosophers have wrestled with understanding the myriad of questions and problems surrounding the education of society’s children. Historically, many early childhood educators supported the idea that children should be trained as soon as possible to become productive members of the larger society so that the cultural heritage of the society could be preserved from generation to generation; this cultural imposition theory has been prevalent throughout the educational history of the world (Staff, 1998. Early Years of Education Early Childhood Education is the term commonly used to describe the formal teaching and care of young children by people other than their family or in settings outside of the home. The developmental definition of early childhood education spans the human life from birth to age eight. However, typically early childhood education covers the period from birth to when a child starts school and this can be as early as five years of age as in New Zealand. This time period is widely considered the most vulnerable and crucial stage of a persons life. The early years of childhood are receiving increased public attention around the world. Issues on providing quality service and ensuring a good foundation for lifelong learning is generating a new interest in the academic community by adapting different theoretical perspective, pedagogy and philosophy. There are several key components to understanding how young children learn, and therefore how they need to be taught. In New Zealand, the process of creating the early childhood curriculum was inspired by the evidence of not only a bi cultural society but a multi cultural and multi racial society. CurriculumCurriculum is defined in Te Wha? riki as ‘†¦ the sum total of the experiences, activities and events, whether direct or indirect, which occur within an environment designed to foster children’s learning and development’ (Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 10 cited in Nutall, 2003). This definition of curriculum as ‘everything that happens’ is acknowledged in the curriculum theory literature (e. g. Cornbleth, 1990 cited in Nutall, 2003) and it is a description that resonates with the holistic, child-centred philosophy of early childhood education in New Zealand. The central expectation of Te Wha? riki is that early childhood centres and services will articulate ‘their’ curriculum in a conscious, culturally situated way. (Nutall, 2003). The implementation of Te Wha? riki, which was inspired by The Socio Cultural Constructivism principle of Vygotzsky, introduced the early childhood teachers in New Zealand to the most recent curriculum tradition. One of the reasons socio-cultural approaches resonate with teachers in childcare centres is the way in which children are understood to be learning through their experiences in the centre, including routine happenings such as play and mealtimes. (Nutall, 2003) Within this pedagogy, both the teachers and students are understood to be engaged in a process of actively constructing knowledge, through their interactions with time, space, objects and people. Children learn through collaboration with adults and peers, through guided participation and observation of others, as well as through individual exploration and reflection. There are five different developmental domains of children which all relate to each other. They are easily referred to as the SPICE of life: Social Refers mostly to the ability to form attachments, play with others, co-operation and sharing, and being able to create lasting relationships with others. Physical Development of Fine (small) and Gross (large) Motor Skills. Intellectual The process of making sense of the world around them. Creative The development of special abilities creating talents. Music, Art, Writing, Reading, and Singing are all ways for creative development to take place. Emotional Development of self-awareness, self-confidence, and coping with feelings as well as understanding them. http://www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/computers-and-early-years-1124 According to Yelland (1999), Educators beliefs such as Montessori, Isaacs, Froebel, and Steiner, has led to early childhood programs that are characterized by their adherence to such traditional principles, manifested in unstructured environments, informal contexts, and learning through active exploration and play. Indeed, early pioneers such as Montessori advocated relatively structured learning opportunities, whereas Froebels views supported a less formal structure. However, both Froebel and Montessori seemed to agree that children learned most effectively from self-directed activities that gave them a high level of empowerment and ownership. Technology Education Technology education all over the world is evolving dramatically in a very fast phase as international academic institutions explore the implication of their present status and the rate they are progressing as compared to other developed countries. It is quite safe to say that, it is the brewing competition over the magnitude of the technology education, which comprises the curriculum that is becoming the main catalyst to these rapid changes. This notion could set the trend on how Early Childhood Curriculum should be designed and be implemented. What should be the content of this curriculum to help the children be prepared for technology education? Is the integration of technological tools beneficial to the learning outcomes of the students? Are computers developmentally appropriate to early childhood students?. Introduction of these devices and in some cases integration of the use of the technology in the existing curriculum has been a massive ground for global arguments. What brought this massive revolution to this day’s education is coherent to how fast the world is changing. Change is inevitable and sometimes predictable as it may seem, most of us will still be caught unaware and mislaid. As members of the community everyone takes part in the development of tomorrow’s citizens. The early childhood sector has been heavily influenced by particular views of child development and how children learn. Such views are often based on developmental psychology and seek to develop practices that are developmentally appropriate (Hirsh, 2004, cited in Zevenbergen Logan , 2008) The author believed that whether traditional or technology education, students’ experiences, social influence, and development are the main considerations on the part of the educators/teachers approach in delivering knowledge and evaluating learning outcomes. There have been several studies and articles (Cordes Miller, 2000; Haugland, 2000; Plotz, 2007) on arguments about the content of technology in early childhood, or the appropriate age to expose children to computers. Regardless what the parents thoughts are, whether or not they choose to expose their children to computers, eventually they will be introduced to technology when they enter school. To this day it is still uncertain on whether or not extensive use of computers for young people could be detrimental to their being, physically, socially and intellectually to say the least. What is certain is that technology is at hand and here to stay. Computers are increasingly present in early childhood education settings. Toward the end of the 1980s, only one-fourth of licensed pre schools had computers. Today almost every preschool has a computer, with the ratio of computers to students changing from 1:125 in 1984 to 1:22 in 1990 to 1:10 in 1997. This last ratio matches the minimum ratio that is favourable to social interaction (Clements and Nastasi 1993; Coley et al. 1997). In the event that the use of this technology could be measured in education settings, what are we to assume or expect in the different household settings. No one knows the exact number of computers in each and every particular household. Are Computers Developmentally Appropriate? There are many researchers, organizations, and other programs that recognize the benefits of using computers with young children. One major supporter of children and technology is the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). They created a lengthy position statement on Technology and Young children that states, â€Å"The potential benefits of technology for young children’s learning and development are well documented† (1996). Susan Haugland, a professor of child development and president of K. I. D. S. Computers, Inc. , has done research and recently published an article about the benefits of technology called, â€Å"Computers and Young Children. † In this article, Susan states that an appropriate age to introduce children to computers is at age 3. She also goes on to state that, â€Å" children 3 and 4 years of age are developmentally ready to explore computers, and most early childhood educators see the computer centre as a valuable activity centre for learning. Children this age are developmentally within Piaget’s preoperational stage. This means they are concrete learners who are very interested in using newly learned symbolic representation speaking, writing, drawing (including maps and geometric figures) and using numbers. Children this age are extremely active and mobile. They often have difficulty sitting still; they need frequent changes in learning modalities; and they want a variety of physical experiences involving dance, physical play, climbing and sports. Pre operational children are also are continuing their mastery of language, and exploring various facets of social behavior. Another large organization that supports technology in early childhood education is NETC (Northwest Educational Technology Consortium). They created a resource website for educators and providers called, Early Connections: Technology in Early Childhood Education. This website offers information on how to implement technology into child care centres, preschools, kindergarten, primary grades, and in before/ after school programs. They also offer suggestions on classroom arrangement, software selection, health safety, hardware, and other resources. However, I think the most valuable information they offer is how technology is linked to learning and the curriculum. They state that one of the main benefits of computer use is because it enhances the five development domains: social and emotional, language, motor, and cognitive skills (Early Connections, â€Å"Learning and Development,† n.d. ). Clearly many of these developmental needs match up well with appropriate use of technology in the classroom, especially exploration, manipulation of symbolic representation, matching alternative learning styles, and quickly changing learning modalities that individual students can control and pace to meet their individual needs. It is also a very powerful tool for students with specific learning disabilities (Wardle,1999). If the goal for a certain age child is to learn to write personal journals, then the computer can naturally support that through writing software, digital cameras, and other methods. A science goal that requires learning the solar system can be augmented by using specific CD ROMS and accessing web sites. Similarly, studying extinct and endangered animals becomes more real and educational through the use of specific software and web sites. Lee and O’Rourke (2006), reported an Australian project on ICT use in Early Childhood setting, they discussed that teachers experimented with a range of activities and, in keeping with Piagetian perspectives of early development and learning, attempted to connect concrete experiences with those experiences children accessed on the computer. An example of this is the work done in one early childhood centre with the software ‘Millie’s Math House: Build-A-Bug’. The children created a ‘critter’ on the software and then recreated it in 3D using playdough, matchsticks and other collage materials. Making a connection between the image and the object was a powerful tool for engaging reluctant learners and the teacher was encouraged by the student response to the experience. Another example of this type of experience was developed by a teacher in a rural pre-school centre who used the program ‘Sammy’s Science House: Workshop’ to design, make and appraise a toy or machine. The children were invited to design a machine using the software and to describe what its function was. The teacher suggested that some children might like to build the machine out of materials of their choice. The use of computers in a fully integrated classroom is endless. Software can be used to assist not only the learners but the teachers as well in so many ways. Although research has proven many beneficial reasons to include technology in early childhood programs, there are many who believe that computers are not appropriate and could have harmful effects on young children. Jane Healy, an educational psychologist, wrote a book called, Failure to Connect: How Computers Affect Our Children’s Minds- for Better and Worse (1998), in the book she states that children should be 7 before introducing them to computers due to the harmful effects of computer use on their development. Her view is one that is shared with another large organization, The Alliance for Childhood. The Alliance for Childhood published a large report, Fool’s Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood, which claims â€Å"computers can have damaging consequences for children under age 7 in terms of their health, social relationships, and intellectual development† (Cordes Miller, 2000, pg. 3). In this report they stated that, â€Å"Computers in childhood may expose children to the risk of a broad range of developmental setbacks† (Cordes Miller, 2000, pg.3). A wide array of experts release a statement about the ways computers are reshaping childrens lives, at home and at school, in profound and unexpected ways. They stress that the use of technology is a distraction from the urgent social and educational needs of the low income children. And concludes with the following statement, â€Å"Those who place their faith in technology to solve the problems of education should look more deeply into the needs of children†. The renewal of education requires personal attention to students from good teachers and active parents, strongly supported by their communities. It requires commitment to developmentally appropriate education and attention to the full range of childrens real, low-tech needs physical, emotional, and social, as well as cognitive† (The Alliance for Childhood, 2000. ) While both views provide compelling arguments, one can not avoid the obvious fact that technology will continue to evolve and will become a more significant part of the daily life. Use of technology in the early childhood program must not be a goal unto itself: the purpose is not to teach children how to use computers; they can do this as they get older, just as they can learn to drive a car later in their lives (Wardle, 1999). Appropriate use of technology in the classroom is to expand, enrich, implement, individualize, differentiate, and extend the overall curriculum. Computers are not to replace physical play, outdoor exploration of the community and of nature; art, music and dance; learning specific social skills and moral values, and experiencing diversity in a myriad of ways. Common sense suggests that we consider the potential harm, as well as the promised benefits, of this change and not rush forward with computer usage in childhood. As an educator we always want the best learning outcome for our students, and to extensively use whatever possible ways to achieve this goal. The only true education comes through the stimulation of the childs powers by the demands of the social situations in which he finds himself. (James, 2005) Teachers’ Perception on the use of Computer Technology inside the classroom. One more compelling issue as regards to the use of technology in early years of education is the preparedness of the early childhood teachers in the use of technology inside their classrooms. Hsiac (2003) stated that the most important aspect of good early childhood program is its teacher, as classrooms practices are influenced by teachers’ beliefs. May (1997, 2000) has traced this rich heritage of multiple ideological, theoretical and pragmatic influences, showing how each successive trend has challenged early childhood teachers to re-examine their practice. (Cited in Nutall, 2003) Fact is not all early childhood teachers embraces the idea of technology education, some of them are faced with ethical dilemma in the use of information technology, (Myers Miller 1996). According to Morrison (2007) there are, â€Å"three challenges confronting early childhood teachers when implementing effective programs using technology in their instruction: 1. ) Their own personal acceptance of technology, 2. ) Confidence that technology has a positive influence on children, and 3. ) Decisions about how to use technology in early childhood programs and classrooms† (pg.383). It’s important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. (cited in Plotz, 2007). Nutall’s (2003) research suggests to explore some provisions of frequent opportunities for teachers to make explicit their knowledge and assumptions about their role. As well as ideas about how children learn through the various aspects of their daily life. Furthermore, such research must take into account the way in which teachers in early childhood constantly teach each other about the deeply inter subjective and interpretive task of working with very young children. Aside from personal struggle there were also some issues being raised in accordance with the role of early childhood teachers in technology education. Gibbons (2006) mention some tensions between the early childhood educators and the government sector which in becoming a challenge for teachers and in one way or another becomes one of the reason for the derail of the their readiness and compliance of the task. Teachers as well as student possessed certain individuality; the trust that teachers should adjust to their student’s ability, will not be the same as students will adjust to their teachers ability. As teachers we are given the higher responsibility of being, according to Vygotzsky, the more knowledgeable other. Complex as it may be or to others simple as it may seem, early childhood teachers should take a step ahead to deliver this overwhelming educational demand. It’s important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. Morrison (2007) offers these guidelines for educators (pg. 384): Educate yourself on the potential benefits of computers and technology. Be willing to try new ways of using technology to help your children learn new knowledge and skills. Collaborate with colleagues in your school and school district to explore ways to use technology. Collaborate with parents and community members, many of whom have skills that you can use and apply. It is also important for teachers to have a positive attitude toward technology to create an appropriate classroom environment. Children will have a difficult time embracing technology if their teacher doesn’t approach the situation with a positive outlook. Summary and Conclusion Endless as it may seem, the ongoing issue of Information and Communication Technology in Early Childhood Education is giving the community of education a more clear and vivid guidelines on the process of creating, conceptualising and implementing policies and standards suitable to each and every environment. Immense concerns coming from diversity of culture and practice takes place. Analysing the impact of using technology in early childhood classrooms have established a variety of implications on different members of the academic community. Teachers, students, policy makers, writers and researchers, centre, and of course the ministry have presented diverse opinions and views on different aspects over this highly arguable issue. Because of the ongoing conflict of interests, the government of New Zealand particularly the Ministry of Education have gone through a major curriculum reforms leading to the development of a national technology curriculum. Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education 1995) became mandatory for all schools in February 1999. The development of the national technology education policy and the way in which the curriculum was developed, was described in an article by Jones(2003). This curriculum area will be compulsory for all students from years 1–10. Aside from Jones (2003), the evidence of issue concerning the integration of Information Technology in Early Childhood Education curriculum is becoming countless Gibbons (2006), Compton Hardwood (2005), Zebenbergen Logan (2008), Walters Fehring (2009), Mawson (2007) to cite a few, and of course publications from the Ministry of Education (1993), (1995) and (1996) is as substantial. Recent development in Early Childhood Education offers exciting opportunities for exploration on how these technological tools will continue to improve children’s learning development and provides new stage to discover different aspects of teachers role. The challenge for parents and educators is to maintain a balance on the possible huge and massive effect of this ongoing evolution in technology education. * draft journal article for International Journal for Early Years References Clements, D. H. , and Nastasi, B. K. (1992). Computers and early childhood education. In Advances in school psychology: Preschool and early childhood treatment directions, eds. M. Gettinger, S. N. Elliot and T. R. Kratochwill, 187–246. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Clements, D. H. Nastasi, B. K. (1993). Electronic media and early childhood education. In Handbook of research on the education of young children, ed. B. Spodek, 251–275. New York Cordes, C. Miller, E. (2000). Fool’s Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood Alliance for Childhood. Retrieved April 2, 2011, http://www. allianceforchildhood. net/ Compton , V. Hartwood,C. (2005) Progression in Technology Education in New Zealand Components of Practice as a Way Forward, International Journal of Technology and Design Education Genishi, C. , McCollum, P. , and Strand, E. B. (1985). Research currents: The interactional richness of children’s computer use. Language Arts, 62(5): 526–532. Gibbons, A. N. , (2006) The politics of technology in early childhood in Aotearoa/New Zealand Fitting early childhood educators in the ICT grid, Australian Journal of Early Childhood 31. No. 4 Haugland, S. (2000). Computers and Young Children. ERIC Digest. Retrieved April 2, 2007 from http://ceep. crc. uiuc. edu/ Hsiac, W. (2003), Comparison of Montessori and Non Montessori Teachers beliefs about Developmentally appropriate practice in pre school, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley James, 2005 retrieved from http://www. wilderdom. com/experiential/JohnDeweyQuotes. html Jones, A. 2003, The Development of a National Curriculum in Technology for New Zealand, International Journal of Technology and Design Education 13, 83–99 Lee, L. O’Rourke,M. (2006) Information and Communication Technologies: Transforming views in literacies in early childhood setting, Early years, Vol 26,p 49-62 Marrison B. (2007), Factors affecting learning in technology in the early years, at school, Intl Journal of Technology and Design Education May, H. (1997) The Discovery of Early Childhood: the development of services for the care and education of veryyoung children, mid eighteenth century Europe to mid twentieth century New Zealand (Auckland, Auckland University Press/Bridget Williams Books/NZCER). May, H.(2000) Politics in the Playground: the world of early childhood in postwar New Zealand Wellington, Bridget Williams Books/NZCER). Ministry of Education, (1996) Te Wha? riki. He Wha? riki Ma? tauranga mo? nga? Mokopuna o Aotearoa: early childhood curriculum (Wellington, Learning Media). Ministry of Education ,(1998) Quality in Action. 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